What does peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) refer to?

Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) specifically refers to the opposition to blood flow through the vessels, particularly the small blood vessels known as arterioles. This resistance is a critical factor in determining systemic blood pressure and blood flow distribution throughout the body. When vessels constrict, resistance increases, leading to more force required by the heart to pump blood, whereas dilation reduces resistance, allowing blood to flow more easily.

Understanding PVR is essential because it reflects the condition of the vascular system and can provide insights into cardiovascular health. For instance, conditions such as hypertension (high blood pressure) can arise from increased peripheral vascular resistance. Thus, it plays a significant role in understanding overall cardiovascular function and pathology.