Which term describes the lower chambers of the heart known for pumping blood to the body?

The term that describes the lower chambers of the heart is "ventricles." The heart consists of four main chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers known as ventricles. The ventricles play a crucial role in the circulatory system as they are responsible for pumping blood. Specifically, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left ventricle pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

Understanding this function is essential in cardiac physiology and helps in comprehending how blood circulation is carried out in the body. The atria, in contrast, are the receiving chambers for blood; they collect blood returning to the heart before it flows into the ventricles for pumping. Nodules, in this context, do not apply as they typically refer to small, knotted masses of tissue or cells, and not to heart structures. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, rather than being chambers of the heart itself. Thus, recognizing the ventricles as the chambers responsible for pumping blood clarifies their vital role in the cardiovascular system.